Python开发技巧总结
Python以其简洁优雅的语法著称,本文将分享一些实用的Python编程技巧,帮助提升开发效率。
列表推导式与生成器表达式
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
# 列表推导式
squares = [ x ** 2 for x in range ( 10 )]
# 生成器表达式
sum_squares = sum ( x ** 2 for x in range ( 10 ))
# 字典推导式
square_dict = { x : x ** 2 for x in range ( 5 )}
装饰器的使用
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
from functools import wraps
import time
def timing_decorator ( func ):
@wraps ( func )
def wrapper ( * args , ** kwargs ):
start = time . time ()
result = func ( * args , ** kwargs )
end = time . time ()
print ( f " { func . __name__ } took { end - start : .2f } seconds" )
return result
return wrapper
@timing_decorator
def slow_function ():
time . sleep ( 1 )
return "Done"
上下文管理器
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
class Timer :
def __enter__ ( self ):
self . start = time . time ()
return self
def __exit__ ( self , * args ):
self . end = time . time ()
self . duration = self . end - self . start
# 使用示例
with Timer () as timer :
time . sleep ( 1 )
print ( f "Duration: { timer . duration : .2f } seconds" )
函数式编程特性
map和filter
1
2
3
numbers = [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]
squares = list ( map ( lambda x : x ** 2 , numbers ))
evens = list ( filter ( lambda x : x % 2 == 0 , numbers ))
reduce函数
1
2
from functools import reduce
product = reduce ( lambda x , y : x * y , numbers )
性能优化技巧
使用集合操作
1
2
3
4
5
6
# 快速去重
unique_items = list ( set ( items ))
# 成员检查
if item in set ( items ): # 比列表快
pass
生成器节省内存
1
2
3
def number_generator ( n ):
for i in range ( n ):
yield i ** 2
调试技巧
使用断言
1
2
3
def divide ( a , b ):
assert b != 0 , "除数不能为零"
return a / b
pdb调试器
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
import pdb
def complex_function ():
x = 1
pdb . set_trace () # 设置断点
y = x + 1
return y
代码风格建议
类型注解
1
2
def greet ( name : str ) -> str :
return f "Hello, { name } !"
文档字符串
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
def process_data ( data : list ) -> dict :
"""
处理输入数据并返回结果字典
Args:
data: 输入数据列表
Returns:
处理后的结果字典
"""
pass
掌握这些Python技巧,将帮助你写出更优雅、高效的代码。
Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0